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The Carthage Encyclopedia

Scipio Africanus

b. c. 236 BCE ยท d. c. 183 BCE ยท Rome

Name

Latin
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus

The cognomen "Africanus" was awarded after his victory at Zama and the defeat of Carthage in Africa, making it one of the earliest examples of a Roman general taking a triumphal name from the territory he conquered.

Roman general who turned the Second Punic War. Survived Cannae as a young military tribune; took command of the Roman war effort in Spain (210โ€“206 BCE), capturing Carthago Nova and breaking Carthaginian power on the peninsula. Crossed to Africa in 204 BCE, allied with the Numidian prince Masinissa, and defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 BCE. Honored with the cognomen Africanus. Later prosecuted by political rivals and withdrew from public life; died in the same year as Hannibal (183 BCE).